m-Learning

Assignment 1 (Wed 11 am) media type="custom" key="3704911" width="461" height="308" Jimmy Tseng 10730149 Joshua Harris  10715504 Desmond Siregar 10729770 =Overview=

What is Mobile Learning?
The term M-Learning or Mobile Learning refers to the use of hand held devices such as PDA's, mobile phones, laptops and any other hand held information technology devices that may be used in teaching and learning.([|Harriman, 2009]) Mobile Learning also refers to the "...ability to learn independently of place and time, facilitated by a range of mobile devices. " ([|Kineo, 2009]) The Mobile Learning Review by Kineo (2009), outlines the general characteristics of mobile learning as: ([|Kineo, 2009])
 * Ubiquitous- learning content can be accessed anywhere, regardless of location
 * Bite sized- content components are delivered in small packages, as the learning is isually done in areas where programs can be interrupted
 * On demand- content needs to be available at anytime
 * Typically blended- mobile learning is usually part of a blended approach to learning, often complementing class learning
 * Can be collaborative- mobile technology is able to take advantage of mobile communication to collaborate with other learners.

M-learning can be used in a range of contexts such as in collaborative projects and fieldwork, as a classroom alternative to books or computers ,where learners are widely dispersed, to engage with learners who in the past have felt excluded, in promotional and awareness campaigns and for ‘just-in-time’ employee training. [|M-Learning, 2009].

Mobile Learning Technology
Most personal technologies can support mobile learning, including Technical and delivery support for mobile learning: There are many ways in which m-learning is conducted, depending on the device one is using. One of the better devices to use in m-learning are PDAs. On a PDA, learners can access rich media resources (animation, sound, photography…) which will make the platform ideal for mobile learning. __//([|Wikipedia, 2009])//__
 * [|(PDA) Personal Digital Assistant], in the classroom and outdoors, e.g Emails, Bluetooth, Internet.
 * Mobile phone e.g SMS, MMS. Video Calls, Internet.
 * MP3's, iPods e.g. for listening to audio recordings of lectures
 * [|Handheld audio and multimedia guides], in museums and galleries
 * [|Handheld game console], modern gaming consoles such as Sony PSP or Nintendo DS
 * [|3GP] For compression and delivery method of audiovisual content associated with Mobile Learning
 * [|Wi-Fi] gives access to instructors and resources via internet
 * [|GPRS] mobile data service, provides high speed connection and data transfer rate

Benefits of Mobile Learning
([|Harriman, 2009])
 * 1) Interaction: Student interaction with instructors and among each other.
 * 2) Portability: PDAs are lighter than books and enable the student to take notes or input data directly into the device regardless of location either typed, handwritten or using voice.
 * 3) Collaborative: Enables several students work together on assignments even while at distant locations.
 * 4) Engaging learners: The new generation likes mobile devices such as PDAs, phones and games devices.
 * 5) Increase motivation: Owner ship of the hand held devices seems to increase commitment to using and learning from it.
 * 6) Bridging of the digital divide: Since handhelds are more affordable than larger systems they are accessible to a larger percentage of the population.
 * 7) Just-in-time learning: Increases work/learning performance and relevance to the learner.
 * 8) May assist learners with some disabilities.

Disadvantages of Mobile Learning devices
([|Harriman, 2009])
 * Small screens of mobile phones and PDAs
 * Limited storage capacities in PDAs
 * Battery life/charge
 * Lack of common operating system
 * Lack of common hardware platform make it difficult to develop content for all.
 * Less robust
 * Still difficult to use moving graphics
 * Limited potential for expansion with some devices
 * Devices can become out of date quickly
 * Wireless bandwidth is limited and may degrade with a larger number of users
 * Difficulties with printing, unless connected to a network.

Learning objects for mobile devices: A case study in the Actuarial Sciences degree
This case study of the Actuarial Sciences degree at the University of Málaga, shows the application of mobile learning and how it is used in tertiary education.

Describe the use of the particular technology
Within the Actuarial Sciences degree at the University of Málaga, mobile learning is being used in the form of Java 'midlets' (Mayorga Toledano, 2006) being accessible from learner's mobile phones. These midlets are small bit sized modules that can be easily stored on mobile devices, mobile phones in particular. These modules can around after a survey of students within the university found that most students "wanted modules for...a) pedagogical assistants (exams calendar, tutoring hours), and b) small tests and frequent errors." (Mayorga Toledano, 2006). In order to cater to these demands, teachers from multi-discipline areas created "...two basic midlets: an interactive test and an interactive module of frequent errors, which includes the correct answers. In addition...both midlets have a small menu with information of the course, tutoring hours, and exams calendar." (Mayorga Toledano, 2006). This technology follows "a flexible blended strategy that includes the traditional classroom, e-learning and m-learning elements. Thus, the students can customize their learning processes using the contents and the way of access they are more comfortable with or consider more effective." (Mayorga Toledano, 2006) The learners, through their mobile phones, are able to download this information from the university server while within range of the wireless network, for offline use.

Context of learners and where are they situated
Learners currently able to access this technology are students from the University of Málaga, currently studying the Actuarial Sciences degree who have mobile devices that are able to access the University's wireless network, such as a smart phone. As mobile phones, these days, have in built Java program capabilities it allows these modules to be available to a wide audience of Actuarial Science students.

Benefits of using this technology
The current benefits of this Java midlet technology includes: Accessibility, This allows the students to access this information offline anywhere, once downloaded, including home and while taking public transport on the way to and from university, hence students can be situated anywhere in the globe. Size, the java midlets are bite sized software that can easily be stored in any mobile device, including mobile phones, also allowing easy and ready access. Easy to use, the midlets have easy to read menus that provide not only information on the course, exam timetables, lecture's name, but also quiz's on topics covered in the lecture. this usually includes five short multiple choice questions with corrections at the end. Cost effective, the use of technology, such as Java, which is common in almost all mobile phones means that students do not have to pay from use of another software and the ability to quickly download off the University website free of charge, allows this technology to be virtually free for learners to use.

The challenges or disadvantages
Although there are many benefits to this form of mobile learning, there are also some drawbacks. The small memory of most phones and other mobile devices limits the amount of information that the midlets can contain as well as how many midlets can be stored o the device at any one tine. ([|Harriman, 2009]) The small screen size of most mobile phones and mobile devices are a hindrance to learning as it limits the amount of information the learner can access at the time, thus not allowing the learner to quickly access and digest the information. ([|Harriman, 2009]) These two issues were also highlighted in the case study, stating that "the limited capacity of the current mobile phones, small memory and little screens, makes necessary the design of small applications" (Mayorga Toldano, 2006) Mobile phones and other mobile devices have relatively short battery lives, meaning that the learning will effectively stop once the battery has died and cannot be continued until the device is recharged. ([|Harriman, 2009]) Another problem is the use of this technology in other degrees and faculties throughout the University. This case study positively highlights the use of this form of mobile learning technology in response to the Actuarial Sciences degree. It does not, however, highlight the success of the use of this technology in other fields of study within the University, possible alluding to this programs suitability only within Actuarial Sciences and its failure to work effectively with other fields of study.

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Jimmy Tseng's Case Study
**The use of M-learning technologies in tertiary settings: Queensland University of Technology **   From this researched case study it demonstrates an overview of what is currently happening regarding M-Learning in tertiary institutions as well looks at the potential applications or uses of M-Learning in the tertiary context. In addition present the uses of M-Learning initiatives currently being trialed at Queensland University of Technology. //(Duncan, H.J. & Lee, K.T. 2007 pg 223)//  //**Uses of the particular technology **//  This case study is situated within Queensland University of Technology (QUT) which is located in Brisbane it has an approximately 40,000 students with a considerable proportion from overseas (12%). QUT Offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees and is seem to be the largest provider of bachelor degree graduates into full-time employment in Australia each year. Several faculties have adopted mobile learning strategies, particularly within the faculties of Business, Creative Industries, Education and Built Environment and Engineering. QUT provides free wireless access to its IT services such as QUT Virtual, Web Mail and Blackboard for students within the designated wireless zones. Hence the infrastructure for the adoption of WMDs also known as Wireless Mobile Devices. //(Duncan, H.J. & Lee, K.T. 2007 pg 227)//  //**Context of the learners and where learning is situated **//  Within QUT, Faculty of Information Technology has embraced m-learning research which comprised of three doctoral students whom represent the highest level of formal study or research in a given field, have designed a program that permits students to be able to receive lectures onto their mobile phones or PDAs. This system’s called QAT (Question Answer Technology) it allows lecture notes to be downloaded onto the mobile device for offline use, such as pausing the information and asking any questions with speaking to their device that is then linked into a community platform where students or the lecturer may answer or contribute suggestions. Hence taking the portable of mobile devices and combining them with the interactions they facilitate for educational purposes//.(Duncan, H.J. & Lee, K.T. 2007 pg 227)// <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> //**<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">Benefits of the technology in this context **//<span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Throughout the case studies a number of benefits could be seen as to the success of the use of mobile learning within tertiary settings theses benefits includes the following: <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">It reaches places traditional learning cannot <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Learning is more user-centered <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">It works best as part of a blend of approaches <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">It works best if perceived as another tool that can be used to fit a learning need <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Can be used to remove some of the formality which non-traditional learners may find unattractive <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">It can increase motivation and engagement with learning <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">M-learning is ideal for facilitating collaboration and communication <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Mobile technology can enhance the growing shift from an instructor centered classroom teaching to constructivist learner centered educational settings <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Makes the learning process quicker, easier, more attractive and more acceptable to disenfranchised learners <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> //<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(Duncan, H.J. & Lee, K.T. 2007 pg 228) //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> //**<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">Challenges and disadvantages **//<span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">As foreseen within the cases above the uses of PDAs or Mobile devices all have some disadvantage such as battery life of theses technologies which can affect learner as well lecturer by having to make sure battery are always charged, a recommendation could be to have an additional charged battery, another way is within the university having provided web space for students to store resources. Moreover another problem with theses devices could encounter is <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">mobile devices are continually being invented, meaning learners have to spend large amounts of cash re-purchasing as upgrading may not be a feasible option. Mobile devices, partially to their size are also vulnerable to being misplaced or stolen. Students may have stored hundreds of hours of research and assignment work or teacher possible exam questions, which leads to the issue of security. Furthermore mobile devices feature small screens and may cause students that use them for long periods of time eyestrain and the amount of data which can be displayed is minimal. //(// //<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">M/Cyclopedia of New Media, 2005) //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">

Desmond Siregar Case Study

<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">**New Practices in Flexible Learning Mobile learning: handheld**

//** Describe the use of the particular technology **// In this particular case study the educational facility of TAFE NSW’s New England Institute (NEI) had developed a program for managers of build sites to provide Occupational Health and Safety site induction training that is tied in to a particular building site for a builder who might be working on or someone visiting the site to be corresponded to the individuals mobile phone. The use of the NEI handheld device application had been introduced as a form of training for the builders of the building group Buildplan and its onsite visitors. **// The context of the learners and where learning is situated //** The builders of the Buildplan group and potential visitors would exercise this form of learning before entering a work site. This can be done prior to entering the work site in any context whether it is at home in front of the television or on the way to a building site. The program designed by NEI had been programmed to allow build site managers to construct a specific induction process to a relative site the builders were entering and to make any alterations to the program when deemed necessary. The learners in this instance were the builders who would need to undertake OH&S site induction training prevalent to the site they would be working on or visitors entering the site. There are many benefits linked with this technology in regards to this context in which it’s being used in this case study. With this particular program, site managers were able to modify, update, check and approve the resource data that was being uploaded to the mobile phone learning resource via their mobile which allowed for time saving and the ability to undertake this while on the move. The main benefit highlighted in the case study was time. As visitors and builders entered specific work sites they would undertake this learning program via the mobile phone rather then having the building-site manager personally conduct the induction process in person. This form also allowed the training to be undertaken on their own at their own convenience and prior to arriving at a work site. In this day and age it is fair to say that most people have a mobile phone, it’s pretty obvious that in the building game the possession of a mobile phone is highly necessary. Like with anything relatively new there will always be perks. In the instance of this particular case study there were some sociocultural elements that affected the use this learning. An example given in this case study was that the older generation builders were reluctant to do the OH&S site induction training via the mobile phone but rather the old fashion way person to person. The case study mentioned examples of the older generation builders having a lack of confidence when using new technology. On the other hand the younger builders expressed more of a preference towards the use of this new training format as most grew up during the surge of mobile phone use. <span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * // The benefits of the technology in this context //**
 * // The challenges, disadvantages or any issues of the described technology in the example’s context. //**